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When machining, what is the main purpose of coolant?

  1. To clean the workpiece

  2. To reduce friction and heat

  3. To lubricate the tool

  4. To enhance visibility

The correct answer is: To reduce friction and heat

The main purpose of coolant when machining is to reduce friction and heat generated during the cutting process. As machining operations create significant heat due to the friction between the cutting tool and the workpiece, the introduction of coolant serves to dissipate this heat, thus protecting both the tool and the workpiece. High temperatures can lead to tool wear, thermal expansion of parts, and in some cases, can even alter the material properties of the workpiece. Coolant not only helps maintain a consistent temperature but also ensures that the machining process runs smoothly, minimizing the risk of tool failure and improving the overall efficiency of the operation. While cleaning the workpiece, lubricating the tool, and enhancing visibility may also be secondary benefits of using coolant, the primary function remains the management of heat and friction, ensuring optimal cutting conditions during machining activities.